CELLS AND GENETICS

 

BY Oba Mike

Instruction: Practice without the answers first for best result.

1. An exclusive study of cells is termed:

a. Histology

b. Cytology

c. Pathology

d. Biology

2. Which of these statements is incorrect?

a. All living things are composed of cells

b. Cells are the smallest components of matter

c. Existing cells came from previously existing cells

d. Cells are the basic units of life.

3. The cell was first discovered and named by ________ in ________

a. Robert Hooke in 1665

b. Robert Hooke in 1855

c. Theodor Schwann in 1865

d. Theodor Schwann in 1900

4. The animal cell was discovered by:

a. Robert Hooke

b. Theodor Schwann

c. Matthias Schleiden

d. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

5. The plant cell was discovered by:

a. Robert Hooke

b. Theodor Schwann

c. Matthias Schleiden

d. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

6. An example of a human cell is:

a. Kidney

b. Hair

c. Embryo

d. Neuron

7. The first human cell is:

a. Embryo

b. Zygote

c. Foetus

d. Sperm

8. Cells multiply majorly by:

a. Mitosis

b. Meiosis

c. Binary fission

d. Spore formation

9. To study cells, a scientist needs:

a. Microscope

b. Magnifying glass

c. Laptop

d. Television

10. Body cells that have been damaged beyond repairs are gotten rid of by:

a. Apoptosis

b. Cell division

c. Pinocytosis

d. Surgery

11. The following are major parts of a human cell except

a. Cytoplasm

b. Cell wall

c. Nucleus

d. Plasma membrane

12. Osteocytes are cells found in:

a. Organs

b. Liver

c. Cartilage

d. Bone

13. The internal environment of a human cell is separated from its surrounding by:

a. Cell wall

b. Plasma membrane

c. Organelles

d. Cytosol

14. A physiologic characteristic of the plasma membrane is:

a. Impermeability

b. Selective permeability

c. Permeability

d. Porosity

 

 

 

15. Which of these is not a general component of the plasma membrane?

a. Lipid

b. Vitamin

c. Proteins

d. Sugars

16. The most abundant membrane lipids are:

a. Phospholipids

b. Cholesterol

c. Glycolipids

d. Fats

17.  The plasma membrane is organized in two layers because:

a. Lipids are amphipathic

b. Lipids are hydrophobic

c. Lipids are hydrophilic

d. Lipids are polar

18. Normally, the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids:

a. Face inward

b. Face outward

c. Are water fearing

d. Are polar

19. The structural matrix of a cell is formed by:

a. Lipids

b. Proteins

c. Sugars

d. Vitamins

20. The following are functions of membrane proteins except:

a. Formation of ion channels

b. Acting as receptors

c. Acting as enzymes

d. Channels for lipid soluble substances.

21. The two types of membrane proteins are:

a. Integral and transmembrane

b. Peripheral and transmembrane

c. Integral and amphipathic

d. Peripheral and amphipathic

 

 

 

22. The difference in the quantity of a substance within and outside the cell is termed:

a. Chemical gradient

b. Electrical gradient

c. Electrochemical gradient

d. Concentration gradient

23. Which of these is true?

a. Oxygen is more concentrated within the cell than outside

b. Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside

c. The interior of the cell is more positively charged than the exterior

d. Sodium ions will diffuse easily out of the cell.

24. Another name for membrane potential is:

a. Electrical gradient

b. Concentration gradient

c. Chemical gradient

d. Electrochemical gradient

25. The membrane protein that extend throughout the lipid bilayer are:

a. Deep proteins

b. Peripheral proteins

c. Integral proteins

d. Intracellular proteins

26. The movement of substances down their concentration gradient without the expense of cellular energy is termed:

a. Passive transport

b. Active transport

c. Bulk transport

d. Fast transport

27. Which of these is not a somatic cell?

a. Ovum

b. Neuron

c. Hepatocyte

d. Osteocyte

28. What is the function of cell membrane?

a. Regulation of substances that enter and exit the cell

b. Control of respiration

c. Contain genetic information

d. Synthesize proteins

 

29. Which of these describes the products of mitosis?

a. Two haploid daughter cells

b. Four diploid daughter cells

c. Two diploid daughter cells

d. Four haploid daughter cells

30. The structure that contains the genetic material is:

a. Cell wall

b. Ribosomes

c. Nucleus

d. Mitochondria

31. Which of the following organelles digests the old organelles that are no longer useful to the cells?

a. Ribosomes

b. Mitochondria

c. Lysosomes

d. Chromatin

32. The function of the centrosome is:

a. Formation of spindle fibres

b. Osmoregulation

c. Secretion

d. Protein synthesis

33. Which of these is an active transport process?

a. Simple diffusion

b. Sodium – potassium pump

c. Osmosis

d. Channel – mediated facilitated diffusion

34. Oxygen is delivered to cells via:

a. Simple diffusion

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Osmosis

d. Endocytosis

35. In an active transport system:

a. Substances are moved down their concentration gradient

b. Substances are moved against their concentration gradient

c. No energy is expended

d. Sodium is pumped into the cell

 

36. The movement of water molecule from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration is termed:

a. Simple diffusion

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Osmosis

d. Exocytosis

37. Sodium remains more concentrated outside the cell due to:

a. Simple diffusion

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Osmosis

d. Active transport

38. Macromolecules such as polysaccharides cross the plasma membrane via:

a. Simple diffusion

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Osmosis

d. Bulk transport

39. Phagocytosis is an example of:

a. Diffusion

b. Osmosis

c. Endocytosis

d. Exocytosis

40. Which is not a component of the cytoplasm?

a. Cytosol

b. ECF

c. ICF

d. Organelles

41. Interstitial fluid is also called:

a. Extracellular fluids

b. Intracellular fluid

c. Cytosol

d. Nuclear fluid

42. The fluid found between adjacent cells is called:

a. Extracellular fliud

b. Intracellular fliud

c. Cytosol

d. None of the above

 

43. 80% of cytosol is composed of:

a. Water

b. Oxygen

c. Carbon dioxide

d. Glucose

44. Chemical reactions in the cell occur in:

a. Nucleus

b. Cytosol

c. Lysosome

d. Endoplamic membrane

45. Which of these is not a component of the cytoskeleton?

a. Myofilament

b. Microfilament

c. Intermediate filament

d. Microtubules

46. Synthesis of proteins is the role of:

a. Microtubules

b. Golgi complex

c. Centrosomes

d. Ribosomes

47. Energy in the form of ATP is generated in:

a. Endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi complex

c. Ribosome

d. Mitochondrion

48. Proteins are modified and packaged in:

a. Golgi complex

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Plasma memnbrane

d. Nucleus

49. Cells like spermatozoon move using:

a. Cilia

b. Flagellum

c. Nucleoplasm

d. Microtubules

 

50. The largest cellular organelle is:

a. Mitochondrion

b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Nucleus

51. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from the rough due to:

a. Absence of ribosomes

b. Absence of spindle fibres

c. Size

d. Location

52. Active processes usually require:

a. Membrane proteins

b. Membrane lipids

c. Membrane sugars

d. Energy in the form of ATP

53. ATP is generated by:

a. Lysosome

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Golgi complex

d. Mitochondrion

54. Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

a. They act as carriers of polar substances

b. They act as receptors

c. They provide energy in the form of ATP

d. They form ion channels

55. Which of these statements about organelles is false?

a. They are found In the cytoplasm

b. Each organelle is membrane bound

c. They are composed of tissues

d. They are surrounded by the cytosol

56. Production of testosterone and detoxification of drugs is the role of:

a. Ribosomes

b. Lysosomes

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

 

57. Autolysis, the digestion of an entire cell is carried out by:

a. Mitochondria

b. Enzymes

c. Lysosome

d. Endoplasmic reticulum

58. Which of these statements about the nucleus is incorrect?

a. All human cells contain nucleus

b. The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane

c. DNA is contained in the nucleus

d. Division of the nucleus is called mitosis

59. The following are contents of the nucleus except:

a. DNA

b. Nuclear lamina

c. Golgi complex

d. Nucleolus

60. Ribosomes are produced by:

a. Endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi complex

c. DNA

d. Nucleolus

61. The fluid-filled space within the nucleus is called:

a. Protoplasm

b. Nucleoplasm

c. Cytosol

d. Nucleolus

62. The most numerous cells in humans are:

a. Somatic cells

b. Germ cells

c. Sex cells

d. Gametes

63.  The liver hepatocytes are examples of:

a. Somatic cells

b. Germ cells

c. Sex cells

d. Gametes

 

64. Which of these statements is true?

a. Gametes are diploid cells

b. During fertilization, two haploid cells are formed

c. Fertilization gives rise to a diploid cell

d. Mature sperm cells are diploid

65. The formula 2n represents:

a. 23 chromosomes

b. 46 chromosomes

c. Haploid

d. None of the above

66. Which of these structures contain histone proteins?

a. DNA

b. RNA

c. Chromosome

d. Gene

67. A highly coiled form of DNA is:

a. Chromatin

b. Chromatid

c. Chromosome

d. Chromophone

68. The aim of DNA replication is:

a. Two produce two identical DNA similar to the parent DNA molecule

b. To produce two identical DNA different from the parent DNA molecule

c. To produce two different DNA molecules

b. To produce multiple DNA molecule

69. A cell cycle is divided into ___________ phases

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

70. The longest phase in a cell cycle is:

a. Prophase

b. Interphase

c. Metaphase

d. M phase

 

71. Cell division occurs in:

a. G0 phase

b. G1 phase

c. S phase

d. M phase

72. Which of these is not true about G2 phase?

a. It occurs after DNA replication

b. Cell growth occurs during this phase

c. Enzymes needed for division are synthesized.

d. None of the above

73. The objective of checkpoints during interphase is:

a. To ensure the cell is ready for the next phase

b. To ensure proper DNA synthesis and division

c. To ensure proper cell growth

d. To enhance cell function

74. During mitosis, spindle fibres begin to form at:

a. Prophase

b. Metaphase

c. Anaphase

d. Telophase

75. The metaphase plate is:

a. Centre of the mitotic spindle

b. Centre of the chromosomes

c. Formed during anaphase

d. A and C

76. Cytokinesis begins at:

a. Prophase

b. Metaphase

c. Anaphase

d. Telophase

77. The contractile ring during cytokinesis is formed by:

a. Spindle fibres

b. Microtubules

c. Nuclear lamina

d. Chromatin

 

78. Which of these statements is true?

a. Gametes also divide by mitosis

b. Meiosis form diploid cells

c. Meiosis is completed after a single round

d. None of the above

79. A key difference between prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis is:

a. Breakdown of nuclear membrane

b. Synapsis

c. Formation of mitotic spindle

d. Absence of nucleolus

80. In meiosis, the resulting daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell due to:

a. Crossing over

b. Pairing off

c. DNA replication

d. Variation

Use the diagram below to answer questions 81 – 90

81. The nucleus is labelled:

a. M

b. F

c. L

d. E

82. The plasma membrane is represented as:

a. A

b. L

c. P

d. G

83. The powerhouse of the cell is:

a. O

b. P

c. F

d. K

84. Protein synthesis occur in:

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

85. The portion labelled A is:

a. Plasma membrane

b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Golgi apparatus

86. A semipermeable portion of the cell is:

a. E

b. F

c. G

d. P

87. Which of these structures is absent during prophase?

a. C

b. D

c. E

d. F

88. Mitosis is the division of:

a. M

b. P

c. D

d. K

 

89.  The structure represented as E is:

a. Chromatin

b. Nuclear lamina

c. Nucleolus

d. Nucleus

90. The diagram represents:

a. Bone cell

b. Blood cell

c. Skin cell

d. Any of the above

91. The knowledge of genetics is needed by nurses to enable them diagnose:

a. Inherited diseases

b. Diseases caused by viruses

c. Epidemics and pandemics

d. Family curses

92. The probability of two carriers of the sickle cell giving birth to a carrier is:

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

93. The sum total of all observable features of an individual is termed:

a. Genetics

b. Genotype

c. Phenotype

d. Genome

94. The ABO blood grouping is an example of:

a. Incomplete dominance

b. Co-dominance

c. Mitochondrial inheritance

d. Mendelian inheritance

95. The father of modern genetics is:

a. Gregor Mendel

b.Thomas Morgan

c. Charles Darwin

d. Robert Hooke

 

96 . A segment of DNA that codes for a character is:

a. Gene

b. Allele

c. Chromosome

d. Chromatin

97. The symbol TT illustrates:

a. Genes

b. Alleles

c. Characters

d. Traits

98. Which of these features is not hereditary?

a. Broken limb

b. Baldness

c. Height

d. Skin colour

99. The purine bases are:

a. Adenine and guanine

b. Adenine and cytosine

c. Cytosine and thymine

d. Cytosine and guanine

100. A set of chromosome arranged in decreasing order of size is called:

a. Chromatin

b. chromatid

c.  Karyotype

d. DNA

1.   ANSWERS

 

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. A

10. A

11. B

12. D

13. B

14. B

15. B

16. A

17. A

18. B

19. A

20. D

21. B

22. D

23. B

24. A

25. C

26. A

27. A

28. A

29. C

30. C

31. C

32. A

33. B

34. A

35. B

36. C

37. D

38. D

39. C

40. B

41. A

42. A

43. A

44. B

45. A

46. D

47. D

48. A

49. B

50. D

51. A

52. D

53. D

54. C

55. C

56. C

57. C

58. A

59. C

60. D

61. B

62. A

63. A

64. C

65. B

66. C

67. A

68. A

69. B

70. B

71. D

72. D

73. B

74. A

75. A

76. D

77. B

78. A

79. B

80. A

81. A

82. C

83. A

84. C

85. B

86. D

87. D

88. A

89. A

90. D

91. A

92. C

93. C

94. B

95. A

96. A

97. B

98. A

99. A

100. C